Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review.
Identifieur interne : 001004 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001003; suivant : 001005Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review.
Auteurs : Muhammad Shahid [Pakistan] ; Saliha Shamshad [Pakistan] ; Marina Rafiq [Pakistan] ; Sana Khalid [Pakistan] ; Irshad Bibi [Allemagne] ; Nabeel Khan Niazi [Australie] ; Camille Dumat [France] ; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Chemosphere [ 1879-1298 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Biodisponibilité, Chrome (), Chrome (pharmacocinétique), Chrome (toxicité), Développement des plantes (), Humains, Inactivation métabolique, Intoxication, Métaux lourds (), Métaux lourds (intoxication), Photosynthèse (), Plantes (), Plantes (métabolisme), Polluants du sol (), Racines de plante (métabolisme).
- MESH :
- intoxication : Métaux lourds.
- métabolisme : Plantes, Racines de plante.
- pharmacocinétique : Chrome.
- toxicité : Chrome.
- Biodisponibilité, Chrome, Développement des plantes, Humains, Inactivation métabolique, Intoxication, Métaux lourds, Photosynthèse, Plantes, Polluants du sol.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Biological Availability, Chromium (chemistry), Chromium (pharmacokinetics), Chromium (toxicity), Humans, Inactivation, Metabolic, Metals, Heavy (chemistry), Metals, Heavy (poisoning), Photosynthesis (drug effects), Plant Development (drug effects), Plant Roots (metabolism), Plants (drug effects), Plants (metabolism), Poisoning, Soil Pollutants (chemistry).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Chromium, Metals, Heavy, Soil Pollutants.
- chemical , pharmacokinetics : Chromium.
- chemical , poisoning : Metals, Heavy.
- chemical , toxicity : Chromium.
- drug effects : Photosynthesis, Plant Development, Plants.
- metabolism : Plant Roots, Plants.
- Biological Availability, Humans, Inactivation, Metabolic, Poisoning.
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074
PubMed: 28347915
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000920
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000917
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000917
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 004537
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 004537
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 004537
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000F99
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001004
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shahid, Muhammad" sort="Shahid, Muhammad" uniqKey="Shahid M" first="Muhammad" last="Shahid">Muhammad Shahid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan. Electronic address: muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shamshad, Saliha" sort="Shamshad, Saliha" uniqKey="Shamshad S" first="Saliha" last="Shamshad">Saliha Shamshad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rafiq, Marina" sort="Rafiq, Marina" uniqKey="Rafiq M" first="Marina" last="Rafiq">Marina Rafiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalid, Sana" sort="Khalid, Sana" uniqKey="Khalid S" first="Sana" last="Khalid">Sana Khalid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bibi, Irshad" sort="Bibi, Irshad" uniqKey="Bibi I" first="Irshad" last="Bibi">Irshad Bibi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region>
<settlement type="city">Brême</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" sort="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" uniqKey="Niazi N" first="Nabeel Khan" last="Niazi">Nabeel Khan Niazi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumat, Camille" sort="Dumat, Camille" uniqKey="Dumat C" first="Camille" last="Dumat">Camille Dumat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" sort="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" uniqKey="Rashid M" first="Muhammad Imtiaz" last="Rashid">Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 21589</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:28347915</idno>
<idno type="pmid">28347915</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000920</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000920</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000917</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000917</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000917</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000917</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004537</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004537</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004537</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000F99</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001004</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001004</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shahid, Muhammad" sort="Shahid, Muhammad" uniqKey="Shahid M" first="Muhammad" last="Shahid">Muhammad Shahid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan. Electronic address: muhammadshahid@ciitvehari.edu.pk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shamshad, Saliha" sort="Shamshad, Saliha" uniqKey="Shamshad S" first="Saliha" last="Shamshad">Saliha Shamshad</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rafiq, Marina" sort="Rafiq, Marina" uniqKey="Rafiq M" first="Marina" last="Rafiq">Marina Rafiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalid, Sana" sort="Khalid, Sana" uniqKey="Khalid S" first="Sana" last="Khalid">Sana Khalid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vehari 61100</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bibi, Irshad" sort="Bibi, Irshad" uniqKey="Bibi I" first="Irshad" last="Bibi">Irshad Bibi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Brême (Land)</region>
<settlement type="city">Brême</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" sort="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" uniqKey="Niazi N" first="Nabeel Khan" last="Niazi">Nabeel Khan Niazi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>NSW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dumat, Camille" sort="Dumat, Camille" uniqKey="Dumat C" first="Camille" last="Dumat">Camille Dumat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" sort="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" uniqKey="Rashid M" first="Muhammad Imtiaz" last="Rashid">Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 21589</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Chemosphere</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1879-1298</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Availability</term>
<term>Chromium (chemistry)</term>
<term>Chromium (pharmacokinetics)</term>
<term>Chromium (toxicity)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Inactivation, Metabolic</term>
<term>Metals, Heavy (chemistry)</term>
<term>Metals, Heavy (poisoning)</term>
<term>Photosynthesis (drug effects)</term>
<term>Plant Development (drug effects)</term>
<term>Plant Roots (metabolism)</term>
<term>Plants (drug effects)</term>
<term>Plants (metabolism)</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
<term>Soil Pollutants (chemistry)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodisponibilité</term>
<term>Chrome ()</term>
<term>Chrome (pharmacocinétique)</term>
<term>Chrome (toxicité)</term>
<term>Développement des plantes ()</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Inactivation métabolique</term>
<term>Intoxication</term>
<term>Métaux lourds ()</term>
<term>Métaux lourds (intoxication)</term>
<term>Photosynthèse ()</term>
<term>Plantes ()</term>
<term>Plantes (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Polluants du sol ()</term>
<term>Racines de plante (métabolisme)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromium</term>
<term>Metals, Heavy</term>
<term>Soil Pollutants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacokinetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromium</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="poisoning" xml:lang="en"><term>Metals, Heavy</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromium</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Photosynthesis</term>
<term>Plant Development</term>
<term>Plants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="intoxication" xml:lang="fr"><term>Métaux lourds</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Roots</term>
<term>Plants</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Plantes</term>
<term>Racines de plante</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacocinétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chrome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chrome</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Availability</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Inactivation, Metabolic</term>
<term>Poisoning</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodisponibilité</term>
<term>Chrome</term>
<term>Développement des plantes</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Inactivation métabolique</term>
<term>Intoxication</term>
<term>Métaux lourds</term>
<term>Photosynthèse</term>
<term>Plantes</term>
<term>Polluants du sol</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Arabie saoudite</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Pakistan</li>
</country>
<region><li>Brême (Land)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Brême</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="Pakistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shahid, Muhammad" sort="Shahid, Muhammad" uniqKey="Shahid M" first="Muhammad" last="Shahid">Muhammad Shahid</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Khalid, Sana" sort="Khalid, Sana" uniqKey="Khalid S" first="Sana" last="Khalid">Sana Khalid</name>
<name sortKey="Rafiq, Marina" sort="Rafiq, Marina" uniqKey="Rafiq M" first="Marina" last="Rafiq">Marina Rafiq</name>
<name sortKey="Shamshad, Saliha" sort="Shamshad, Saliha" uniqKey="Shamshad S" first="Saliha" last="Shamshad">Saliha Shamshad</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Brême (Land)"><name sortKey="Bibi, Irshad" sort="Bibi, Irshad" uniqKey="Bibi I" first="Irshad" last="Bibi">Irshad Bibi</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" sort="Niazi, Nabeel Khan" uniqKey="Niazi N" first="Nabeel Khan" last="Niazi">Nabeel Khan Niazi</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dumat, Camille" sort="Dumat, Camille" uniqKey="Dumat C" first="Camille" last="Dumat">Camille Dumat</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" sort="Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz" uniqKey="Rashid M" first="Muhammad Imtiaz" last="Rashid">Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001004 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001004 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:28347915 |texte= Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:28347915" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |